Make the olive vinaigrette by combining the kalamata olives, shallot, minced garlic, olive oil, red wine vinegar, Dijon mustard, and sugar in a large bowl; whisk until well combined; set aside to allow the flavors time to mingle.
Cook green beans in a large saucepan of boiling, well-salted water for 3 to 4 minutes or until bright and crisp-tender; drain.
Immediately plunge beans into a bowl of ice water to stop the cooking process; drain and pat dry.
Toss the beans with the olive vinaigrette, then season with sea salt and freshly cracked pepper, to taste.
Serve at room temperature or cover and chill for up to 2 hours.